Cause 4. Multiple Myeloma and Primary Amyloidosis: The Connection between Blood Cancer and Protein Deposits
An integral link exists between multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer, and AL amyloidosis, also known as primary amyloidosis. Multiple myeloma arises from plasma cells – a type of white blood cell responsible for antibody production. In a state of normal health, these cells are essential players in warding off infections. However, in multiple myeloma, these cells proliferate uncontrollably and generate an excess of a single type of antibody – a monoclonal protein or M protein.
This overproduction of M proteins is where the trouble begins. Sometimes, a fragment of these M proteins, referred to as light chains, can misfold and accumulate as amyloid fibrils – the primary characteristic of AL amyloidosis. These amyloid deposits can form in various tissues and organs throughout the body, disrupting normal function and leading to the varied symptoms that make amyloidosis a challenging disease to diagnose.
Therefore, individuals with multiple myeloma have an increased risk of developing primary amyloidosis due to the high production of these abnormal light chains. It’s important to note that while AL amyloidosis and multiple myeloma share a common ancestor in plasma cells, they are distinct diseases and require separate treatment strategies. This connection underscores the importance of regular monitoring and early intervention for patients with multiple myeloma. (4)
