Cause 6. Chronic Infections and the Development of Amyloidosis: The Role of Persistent Inflammatory Responses
When the body is under siege from a persistent infection, its inflammatory response can contribute to the development of secondary amyloidosis, also known as AA amyloidosis. These chronic infections, be they viral, bacterial, or otherwise, may include conditions such as osteomyelitis (a bone infection), bronchiectasis (a lung condition), or a long-standing skin infection.
In response to ongoing infection, the body generates an inflammatory response, which includes the increased production of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein. Under healthy conditions, SAA plays a role in the immune response and inflammation, but when its levels remain high due to continued inflammation, it can fragment. These fragments, referred to as amyloid A proteins, can form the amyloid fibrils that are a signature characteristic of amyloidosis. Over time, these fibrils can build up in various tissues and organs throughout the body, leading to secondary amyloidosis.
Treatment for secondary amyloidosis stemming from chronic infection often involves addressing the underlying infection and managing the inflammatory response. This might include the use of antibiotics, antiviral drugs, or anti-inflammatory medication. The goal is to minimize the overproduction of SAA and, in turn, reduce the risk of amyloid fibril formation. (6)
