Cause 8: Gastroenteritis
Often dubbed the ‘stomach flu’, gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, including both the stomach and the intestines. However, contrary to its nickname, it’s not caused by the influenza virus. Predominantly, viruses like norovirus or rotavirus are culprits. But, bacteria, parasites, and certain fungi can also be responsible.
The mode of transmission usually involves consuming contaminated food or water. Places with inadequate sanitation or places undergoing an outbreak can heighten one’s risk. Close contact with an infected individual can also spell trouble.
The hallmark signs of gastroenteritis are watery diarrhea and vomiting. Stomach cramps, a low-grade fever, and muscle aches might accompany these. In cases where gastroenteritis results in inflammation of the colon, blood may appear in the stool, signaling potential damage or infection in that region.
The primary concern with gastroenteritis is dehydration due to the fluid loss. Hence, treatment often revolves around fluid and electrolyte replacement. For bacterial cases, antibiotics might be prescribed. But for viral gastroenteritis, antibiotics are ineffective.
Prevention remains the best strategy. Good hygiene practices, like washing hands regularly, consuming safe water, and eating well-cooked foods, can ward off most cases. For certain types, such as the rotavirus, vaccines offer added protection. (8)
