Cause 3: Infections
Infections are an often overlooked but significant cause of esophagitis, especially in those with weakened immune systems. Be it from chronic diseases, medications, or other conditions that suppress the immune response, a compromised defense system can leave the esophagus vulnerable to infections.
One common infectious agent is Candida, a type of yeast. In a balanced state, Candida lives harmlessly in our mouths and other parts of the body. However, when that balance is disrupted, Candida can grow uncontrollably, leading to infections. When this occurs in the esophagus, it results in Candida esophagitis, presenting with symptoms like pain during swallowing, chest pain, and mouth sores.
Viruses and bacteria can also be culprits. Herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and certain bacterial strains can infect the esophagus, especially in people with compromised immune systems.
The diagnosis typically involves endoscopy, wherein the esophagus is visually examined. Biopsies can further determine the infectious agent, allowing for targeted treatment. Often, antifungal, antiviral, or antibiotic medications are prescribed based on the identified culprit. (3)
