4. Dark or Blank Spots in Vision: A Disconcerting Sign of Diabetic Macular Edema
Dark or blank spots in vision, also known as scotoma, can be a disconcerting sign of diabetic macular edema (DME), a condition that occurs as a result of damage to the blood vessels in the retina caused by uncontrolled diabetes. The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that is responsible for capturing images and sending them to the brain. When the blood vessels in the retina become damaged, fluid can leak into the macula, the central part of the retina that is responsible for sharp, detailed vision.
The accumulation of fluid in the macula causes it to swell and become distorted, leading to a loss of central vision. This can cause dark or blank spots to appear in the visual field, making it difficult to see fine details and perform everyday tasks such as reading or driving. In severe cases, DME can lead to a complete loss of central vision.
DME is a common complication of diabetes, and it is estimated that up to 10% of people with diabetes will develop the condition. Early detection and treatment of DME is crucial, as the condition can progress rapidly and cause significant visual impairment.
The most effective way to detect DME is through a comprehensive eye exam, which includes dilation of the pupils to allow the eye care professional to examine the retina in detail. If DME is suspected, the eye care professional may refer the patient for additional tests, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) or fluorescein angiography, to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the damage.
Treatment for DME typically involves managing the underlying diabetes and controlling blood sugar levels to prevent further damage to the blood vessels in the retina. In some cases, laser treatment may be recommended to reduce the swelling in the macula and improve vision.
There are also several medications that have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of DME, including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs, which are injected into the eye to help reduce the swelling in the macula. Other treatments, such as corticosteroids, may also be used to reduce inflammation and swelling in the eye.
If you experience dark or blank spots in your vision, it’s essential to consult with an eye care professional immediately. Timely diagnosis and treatment can help mitigate further vision loss and improve your overall eye health. (4)
