Fact 2: Deciphering Vascular Dementia – Unseen Strokes, Evident Impact
Vascular Dementia (VaD), the second most prevalent type of dementia, has a distinct etiology compared to Alzheimer’s. Its cause lies in the blood vessels that nourish our brain. This form of dementia is typically precipitated by conditions that block or reduce blood flow, depriving brain cells of essential nutrients and oxygen. The resulting brain damage often leads to cognitive decline.
The onset of VaD may follow a series of unnoticed, minor strokes, also known as silent strokes. Unlike significant strokes, these do not cause any immediate noticeable symptoms, hence the term ‘silent.’ Yet, the impact of these unseen events is cumulative. Over time, the repeated interruptions in blood supply can cause significant brain damage, eventually manifesting as cognitive decline.
The symptoms of VaD vary depending on the severity of the strokes and the part of the brain they affect. Cognitive symptoms can range from mild difficulties with complex tasks to severe impairment of multiple cognitive abilities. VaD may affect memory, but it’s more likely to impact organizational abilities and problem-solving skills early in the disease course.
Unlike Alzheimer’s, VaD doesn’t have a predictable progression pattern. The course of the disease can be quite variable, with periods of stability followed by sudden declines after a new stroke. Additionally, some individuals with VaD might exhibit physical symptoms such as difficulty walking or a shuffled gait, often related to the disruption of signals between the brain and muscles due to stroke damage. (2)
