6. Joint Pain and Swelling: The Extra-Intestinal Manifestation of Ulcerative Colitis Flare-Ups
Joint pain and swelling, also known as arthritis, can affect up to 25% of individuals with ulcerative colitis. This extra-intestinal manifestation typically presents as pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints, particularly in the knees, ankles, wrists, and elbows. In some cases, joint inflammation can also affect the spine, causing a condition called ankylosing spondylitis. The severity of joint pain can range from mild to debilitating, and it often occurs in conjunction with other flare-up symptoms.
The exact cause of joint pain and swelling in UC flare-ups is not fully understood, but it’s believed to be related to the body’s immune response. The immune system may mistakenly target joint tissues, causing inflammation and discomfort. The relationship between joint pain and intestinal inflammation may also be due to the presence of certain proteins called cytokines, which are involved in both the immune response and inflammation.
To manage joint pain and swelling during a UC flare-up, a multi-faceted approach may be necessary. This can include medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids, which help reduce inflammation and alleviate pain. However, it’s crucial to consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new medications, as some anti-inflammatory drugs can potentially worsen UC symptoms.
Physical therapy and gentle exercises, such as swimming or walking, can also help improve joint mobility and reduce stiffness. In some cases, your healthcare provider may recommend additional treatments, such as joint injections or the use of assistive devices like braces or splints, to help manage severe joint pain and swelling. (6)
