4. Kidney Inflammation: A Silent Threat to SLE Patients
Kidney inflammation, also known as lupus nephritis, is a potentially serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus that can lead to kidney damage and even kidney failure if left untreated. Lupus nephritis occurs when the immune system attacks the kidneys, causing inflammation in the small blood vessels and the filtering units called glomeruli. This inflammation can impair the kidneys’ ability to filter waste products and toxins from the blood, leading to a buildup of waste in the body and, ultimately, kidney damage.
Lupus nephritis can present with various symptoms, some of which may be subtle or nonspecific. These symptoms can include swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet; foamy or frothy urine due to excess protein; high blood pressure; and decreased urine output. In some cases, individuals with lupus nephritis may not experience any noticeable symptoms until the condition has progressed significantly.
Early detection and treatment of lupus nephritis are crucial to prevent irreversible kidney damage and preserve kidney function. Regular monitoring of kidney function through blood and urine tests is essential for individuals with SLE to identify any abnormalities and initiate timely intervention. If lupus nephritis is suspected, a kidney biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the inflammation.
Treatment for lupus nephritis typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the overactive immune response. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are often prescribed to decrease inflammation in the kidneys. Additionally, immunosuppressive medications, such as cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil, may be used to control the immune system and prevent further kidney damage.
Lifestyle modifications can also play a role in managing lupus nephritis and preserving kidney function. Maintaining a healthy diet low in sodium, potassium, and phosphorus can help to reduce the workload on the kidneys and prevent further damage. Additionally, blood pressure management through medication and lifestyle changes is essential to protect the kidneys from the harmful effects of high blood pressure. (4)
