Disease 15. Vitiligo: An Autoimmune Skin Condition Affecting Pigmentation
Symptoms of Vitiligo
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin condition characterized by the loss of pigment in the skin, leading to the appearance of white patches on various parts of the body. These patches can occur on the face, hands, feet, and other areas, and their size and shape may change over time. Vitiligo does not typically cause pain or itching, but affected skin may be more sensitive to sunlight.
Causes of Vitiligo
The exact cause of vitiligo is unknown, but it is thought to be an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the melanocytes, which are the cells responsible for producing pigment in the skin. Genetic and environmental factors may play a role in the development of vitiligo, and it is more common in individuals with a family history of the condition or other autoimmune diseases.
Treatment Options for Vitiligo
There is no cure for vitiligo, but various treatments can help slow the progression of the condition and improve the skin’s appearance. Topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy may be used to help stimulate pigment production and even out skin tone. In some cases, camouflage cosmetics, such as makeup or self-tanning lotions, can be used to blend the white patches with the surrounding skin. Protecting the affected skin from sun damage with sunscreen and protective clothing is also essential, as sunburn can worsen the condition. (15)
