Disease 2. Eczema: Itchy and Inflamed Skin
Symptoms of Eczema
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is characterized by itchy, red, and inflamed patches of skin. The condition can appear anywhere on the body but is most common on the face, hands, and the creases of elbows and knees. Eczema often presents as dry, scaly skin that may crack, bleed, or become infected. The severity of eczema varies, and flare-ups can be triggered by factors such as stress, allergens, and irritants.
Causes of Eczema
The exact cause of eczema is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. People with eczema often have a family history of the condition or other related issues, such as asthma or hay fever. A malfunction in the skin’s barrier function may also contribute to eczema, allowing allergens and irritants to penetrate the skin and trigger inflammation.
Treatment Options for Eczema
There is no cure for eczema, but various treatments can help manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups. Topical corticosteroids are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching, while emollients help moisturize the skin and maintain its barrier function. In more severe cases, dermatologists may recommend phototherapy or systemic medications, such as immunosuppressants. Identifying and avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants, is essential in managing eczema effectively. (2)
