Disease 9. Melasma: Hyperpigmentation of the Skin
Symptoms of Melasma
Melasma is a skin condition characterized by brown or gray-brown patches, typically found on the face. The patches often appear symmetrically on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip, though they can also occur on other sun-exposed areas of the body.
Causes of Melasma
The exact cause of melasma is unclear, but it is thought to be related to hormonal changes and sun exposure. Melasma is more common in women, particularly during pregnancy, and in individuals with darker skin tones. Certain medications, such as hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, can also contribute to melasma.
Treatment Options for Melasma
Melasma can be challenging to treat, but various options are available to help lighten the hyperpigmented areas. Topical treatments, such as hydroquinone, azelaic acid, and kojic acid, can help reduce melanin production and even out skin tone. Chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and laser therapy may also be effective for some individuals. It is essential to use sun protection and avoid excessive sun exposure to prevent melasma from worsening. (9)
