Fact 7: Connection to Infections
Many instances of Guillain–Barré Syndrome have been linked to prior infections. It’s as if the body, in its zeal to fend off a viral or bacterial intruder, misfires and starts attacking its own nerve cells. This ‘friendly fire’ is what leads to the symptoms of GBS.
Certain infections like the Campylobacter jejuni bacteria, which causes gastroenteritis, are frequently associated with GBS. Other viruses, such as Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus, and even the Zika virus, have been implicated. Understanding these connections helps medical professionals anticipate potential GBS cases, especially during outbreaks.
The crux of GBS lies in an immune system gone awry. After tackling an infection, the body sometimes fails to distinguish between foreign invaders and its own nerve cells. This mistaken identity triggers an immune response against the peripheral nerves, leading to GBS’s characteristic symptoms.
There’s been considerable debate around certain vaccines potentially triggering GBS. While extremely rare, some vaccines have shown a minute increase in GBS risk. However, the risk from the diseases these vaccines prevent far outweighs the minuscule chance of developing GBS. (7)
