Fact 5: Diagnosis and Detection
One of the defining characteristics of Multiple Myeloma is its ability to remain concealed, often manifesting no symptoms in its early stages. This characteristic, termed ‘smoldering’ multiple myeloma, might remain undetected without regular screenings, especially in individuals with a family history or other risk factors.
When physicians suspect Multiple Myeloma, they usually commence with blood and urine tests. These tests are pivotal in gauging the levels of M protein, which, as previously discussed, is a hallmark of the disease. But it’s not just about the M protein. Blood tests can reveal anemia or high calcium levels, both indicative of Multiple Myeloma.
A more invasive but definitive diagnostic tool is the bone marrow biopsy. This procedure involves extracting a small marrow sample, which is then meticulously examined for signs of the disease. The presence of an abnormally high percentage of plasma cells becomes a conclusive marker of Multiple Myeloma.
While blood tests and biopsies offer insights at the cellular level, imaging techniques like X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans grant a broader view. They become instrumental in uncovering bone lesions or other skeletal abnormalities. Through these images, physicians can gauge the extent of bone damage and plan treatments accordingly.
Post-diagnosis, determining the stage of the disease becomes paramount. Different stages not only give insights into disease progression but also help in tailoring treatments. Whether it’s choosing between chemotherapy, stem cell transplants, or targeted therapies, staging acts as a guiding star. (5)
