Fact 2: The Main Culprits Behind Akathisia
Akathisia often walks hand in hand with certain medications, predominantly antipsychotic drugs. These medicines, used to manage mental health disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, often bear the side-effect of akathisia.
Antipsychotic drugs operate by modulating the levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain. By blocking dopamine receptors, these medicines help control hallucinations, delusions, and mood swings often associated with mental health disorders.
However, this same mechanism can also lead to akathisia. An over-blocking of dopamine receptors can trigger the restlessness and discomfort characteristic of this condition. This side effect is not confined to a particular type of antipsychotic drug but is a widespread phenomenon seen across different classes of these medications.
It’s important to note that the onset of akathisia varies from one individual to another. Some might experience symptoms within hours or days of starting the medication. For others, the signs might creep in weeks or even months later. The unpredictability of its onset adds to the challenge of identifying and managing akathisia.
Moreover, the severity of akathisia can differ vastly among individuals. While some might experience a mild form of restlessness, others might encounter severe discomfort that’s both debilitating and distressing. A person’s unique biology, their medication regimen, and other factors can influence the severity and progression of akathisia.
Lastly, while antipsychotic drugs are the most common cause, other medications can also lead to akathisia. These include certain antiemetic drugs, antidepressants, and drugs used for treating Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, a detailed medical history and awareness of this potential side effect are crucial during the evaluation of any patient presenting with restlessness and agitation. (2)
