Type 2: Hereditary Angioedema
Hereditary angioedema, as the name suggests, is intricately tied to one’s genes. In families with a history of this condition, there’s an increased likelihood of members experiencing episodes of intense swelling. Unlike allergic angioedema, which is a reaction to external allergens, hereditary angioedema stems from internal genetic factors.
The root cause of hereditary angioedema is a deficiency or dysfunction in the C1 inhibitor protein. This protein plays a role in regulating certain pathways in the immune system. A deficiency can result in unchecked inflammation, leading to episodes of swelling without an external trigger.
While recurrent episodes of swelling are the hallmark of this condition, the frequency, severity, and location can vary widely among patients. Swelling can target any body part, from limbs and face to more concerning areas like the airways or internal organs. The unpredictability of these episodes underscores the importance of medical vigilance.
Given its genetic origins, there isn’t a ‘cure’ for hereditary angioedema in the traditional sense. However, advancements in medicine have brought forth treatments that can significantly reduce the frequency and intensity of episodes. Prophylactic treatments, acute attack medications, and lifestyle modifications play a central role in managing this condition. (2)
