3. Gender: The Role of Biological Differences
The gender factor plays a considerable role in ALS. Research reveals that before the age of 65, men are more likely to be diagnosed with ALS than women. However, as we cross that age threshold, the risk evens out between the sexes.
Science points to hormones as a possible reason for this discrepancy. Testosterone, predominantly found in higher levels in men, might enhance the vulnerability of motor neurons. The protective effect of estrogen found in women could potentially counteract the onset of ALS. However, as women age and the production of estrogen drops, their susceptibility to ALS may increase, explaining the equalizing risk.
The genetic factors underlying this gender disparity are complex and intriguing. Some studies propose the possible involvement of the X chromosome, of which women have two copies, and men only one. This could potentially offer some protective benefit against the development of ALS in women.
Additionally, lifestyle differences between genders, including occupational and lifestyle hazards, could contribute to the higher risk in men. However, it’s important to emphasize that these hypotheses require further investigation.(3)
