11. Hidden in Plain Sight: The Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of HD
One may not realize the global spread of Huntington’s disease (HD), as it often remains behind the curtains of public health discussions. The reality is that HD is a worldwide concern, with varying prevalence across different regions.
HD’s global distribution is not uniform. Its highest prevalence is in Western countries, particularly in people of European descent. Notably, it affects approximately 1 in 10,000 people in North America, Europe, and Australia. Regions such as Asia and Africa, on the other hand, have significantly lower rates.
The geographic distribution of HD is thought to be influenced by historical migration patterns of populations carrying the HD gene. For instance, a closer look at the European continent reveals an East-West gradient, with higher prevalence in Western Europe. This suggests the HD gene may have originated from there and spread eastwards over time.
While the prevalence gives a big-picture view, the actual number of people affected by HD is likely higher. This is due to factors like underdiagnosis, particularly in regions where awareness and access to genetic testing are limited. Furthermore, each person diagnosed with HD implies a network of family members who might be at risk, amplifying the disease’s impact. (11)
