Fact 9: Diagnosis is a Complex Process
Diagnosing multiple sclerosis is a complex process. There is no single definitive test for MS, and its symptoms often mimic those of other conditions, which can lead to misdiagnosis. The complexity of MS diagnosis is a testament to the intricate and multifaceted nature of the disease.
The process begins with a clinical evaluation and medical history review. Doctors will look for signs of neurological impairment in more than one part of the central nervous system. They’ll also consider the timing of symptom onset and any episodic progression or improvement.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an essential tool in MS diagnosis. It can reveal lesions in the brain or spinal cord indicative of MS. However, these lesions can also occur in other conditions, so MRI findings are considered alongside clinical evaluation and other diagnostic tests.
In some cases, doctors may order a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap, to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid for abnormalities associated with MS. Evoked potential tests, which measure the electrical activity of the brain in response to stimuli, can also provide useful information.
The Revised McDonald Criteria is the currently accepted standard for MS diagnosis. It sets out specific requirements for the number and distribution of lesions, as well as the timing of symptom episodes, to make a definitive MS diagnosis. (9)
