Cause 2: Long-Term Impact – Shingles
Shingles, or herpes zoster, is caused by the reactivation of the VZV in the body. After an individual recovers from chickenpox, the virus does not leave the body but lies dormant in nerve tissues. Years later, often due to weakened immunity or stress, the virus can reactivate, leading to shingles. This reactivation is not a new infection but a resurgence of the VZV from the individual’s initial chickenpox illness.
Shingles is characterized by a painful rash that usually appears on one side of the body or face. The rash typically develops into fluid-filled blisters similar to chickenpox. However, what distinguishes shingles is the severe pain and burning sensation that accompanies the rash, often described as excruciating. This pain can persist even after the rash heals, a condition known as postherpetic neuralgia.
The risk of developing shingles increases with age, particularly in individuals over 50. Those with weakened immune systems, either due to medical conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer, or the use of immunosuppressive drugs, are also more susceptible. Stress and fatigue can further weaken the immune system and trigger the reactivation of the virus.
Complications from shingles can be severe. Postherpetic neuralgia, where pain lingers long after the rash has healed, can significantly impact quality of life. In some cases, shingles can lead to eye complications, including vision loss, if it involves the eye area. Other complications may include bacterial skin infections, motor neuropathy, or, rarely, encephalitis.
Preventing shingles primarily involves vaccination with the shingles vaccine, recommended for adults over 50. This vaccine is different from the chickenpox vaccine and specifically designed to prevent shingles and its complications. In addition to vaccination, maintaining a healthy lifestyle to support a strong immune system is key to reducing the risk of shingles. (2)
