Type 3: Tic Douloureux Headache (Trigeminal Neuralgia)
Tic douloureux headache, also known as trigeminal neuralgia, is an intense facial pain that occurs in short, stabbing episodes. It is caused by irritation or damage to the trigeminal nerve and can be triggered by everyday activities such as talking, eating, or touching the face.
The pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia is often described as electric shock-like and can be extremely debilitating. It usually affects one side of the face, predominantly in the areas supplied by the trigeminal nerve, which include the forehead, cheek, and lower jaw. Attacks can last from a few seconds to a couple of minutes and may occur multiple times a day.
The exact cause of trigeminal neuralgia is not always clear, but it may be due to compression of the trigeminal nerve by a blood vessel, nerve damage from multiple sclerosis, or other underlying conditions. In some cases, no specific cause can be identified.
Treatment for trigeminal neuralgia typically begins with medications, such as anticonvulsants or muscle relaxants, to help control pain. If medications are not effective, other interventions, like nerve blocks or surgery, may be considered. Surgical options include microvascular decompression, which involves relocating or removing blood vessels compressing the nerve, or other procedures aimed at reducing nerve irritation.
Lifestyle modifications and complementary therapies, such as acupuncture or relaxation techniques, can also be helpful in managing pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia. It is essential to work closely with your healthcare provider to develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to your specific needs. (3)
