Symptom 4. Fluid Retention: The Swelling Story
Fluid retention is a common, and often noticeable, symptom of acute heart failure. It manifests itself as swelling or edema, predominantly in the lower extremities, such as the legs, ankles, and feet. In some instances, it can also result in abdominal bloating, leading to discomfort and an increase in waist size.
In a healthy body, the heart ensures the efficient removal of excess fluid and waste products by pumping blood effectively to the kidneys, where they can be excreted. However, in the case of acute heart failure, the heart’s diminished pumping ability disrupts this efficient system.
As the blood flow to the kidneys slows down, these organs struggle to function optimally. Their ability to flush out excess fluid weakens, causing the fluid to accumulate in the body. The result is visible swelling, particularly in areas further away from the heart, like the lower extremities.
Furthermore, gravity also plays a role in the location of the swelling. When a person with acute heart failure is upright, the fluid tends to pool in the lower parts of the body, such as the legs and ankles. In contrast, when they’re lying down, the fluid can spread to other parts of the body, including the abdomen.(4)
