Fact 11: Deciphering the Link Between HLH and Infections
Infections, particularly viral infections, can act as triggers for both primary and secondary HLH. The body’s immune response to the infection can spiral out of control, resulting in the excessive inflammation characteristic of HLH.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most commonly implicated infectious agents in HLH. Other viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and even certain strains of influenza have also been linked with the disease. However, it’s not just viral infections; certain bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections can also potentially trigger HLH.
The exact mechanism by which infections trigger HLH remains unclear. One theory suggests that the body’s immune response to the infectious agent becomes overly aggressive, leading to HLH. Another theory posits that the infectious agent might directly infect immune cells, causing them to function abnormally.
The role of infections in HLH extends beyond mere triggering of the disease. In fact, effective management of the underlying infection is a crucial part of the HLH treatment strategy. This involves the use of specific antimicrobial therapies alongside the usual HLH-directed treatment. (11)
