Problem 2: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), previously known as acute renal failure, is a sudden and rapid decline in kidney function. Unlike CKD, which develops gradually, AKI can occur within hours or days. It is a serious condition that can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
There are several causes of AKI, including:
• Low blood flow to the kidneys due to dehydration, blood loss, or shock
• Direct damage to the kidneys from inflammation, infection, or exposure to toxic substances
• Obstruction of the urinary tract, which can impede the flow of urine and cause a buildup of waste products in the kidneys
The symptoms of AKI can vary depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Some common signs of AKI include:
• Decreased urine output
• Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet
• Fatigue and weakness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Confusion and disorientation
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat
• Chest pain or pressure
Treatment for AKI is centered around addressing the underlying cause and supporting kidney function. This may involve intravenous fluids to restore hydration and blood flow, medications to manage blood pressure, and temporary dialysis to filter waste products from the blood. In some cases, treating the root cause can lead to a complete recovery of kidney function, while in others, it may result in permanent kidney damage. (2)
