Sign 5: Cardiovascular Complications
Beyond the realm of visible symptoms, MPS also exerts its influence on the internal workings of the body, specifically, the cardiovascular system. Unseen but strongly felt, cardiovascular complications form a significant part of the MPS symptomatology.
The crux of these cardiovascular complications lies in the body’s inability to effectively break down GAGs. As these molecules accumulate, they infiltrate various organs, including the heart and blood vessels. This build-up prompts a domino effect, causing a series of heart-related issues that compound the severity of MPS.
One common manifestation of this GAG accumulation is heart murmurs. Typically, blood flow in the heart is a smooth and quiet process. However, in individuals with MPS, this flow becomes turbulent, creating an audible ‘murmur’. While the murmurs themselves are not dangerous, they signify underlying structural abnormalities in the heart, which can lead to serious complications.
Another common cardiovascular issue is valvular heart disease. Valves are essential components of the heart, regulating the flow of blood in one direction. In MPS, these valves get affected by the build-up of GAGs, causing them to malfunction. This malfunctioning can manifest as either leaking valves (regurgitation) or narrowed valves (stenosis). Either scenario disrupts the normal flow of blood, putting a strain on the heart.
To compound these issues, hypertension, or high blood pressure, is also commonly seen in individuals with MPS. The exact cause of hypertension in MPS is multifactorial. Still, it likely arises from the combined effects of heart valve diseases and changes in blood vessel structure due to GAG accumulation. Hypertension is a serious concern as it increases the risk of developing other heart diseases and stroke.
Despite their seriousness, cardiovascular complications in MPS are not an untreatable doom. Regular cardiovascular screenings form the first line of defense, providing early detection of any emerging issues. Furthermore, lifestyle modifications and medications can help manage these symptoms, reducing the risk of life-threatening complications. (5)
