Type 4: Light Chain Myeloma (Bence Jones Myeloma)
Navigating the types of multiple myeloma brings us to Light Chain Myeloma, commonly known as Bence Jones Myeloma. Unlike the previous types, which primarily target the heavier Ig chains, this subtype revolves around the production of excess light chains, proteins usually linked with antibodies. When these light chains begin to accumulate, the consequences for the body can be severe.
At its core, Light Chain Myeloma is characterized by the excessive production and release of light chains into the blood. These excess proteins don’t function correctly, and as they flood the bloodstream, they eventually find their way into the kidneys. Now, our kidneys are diligent workers, filtering out waste products and excess substances from the blood. However, an overload of light chains can be burdensome, leading to potential kidney damage.
Symptoms for Light Chain Myeloma don’t always manifest prominently initially. The early signs might be subtle, such as fatigue or mild bone discomfort. As the disease progresses, more specific symptoms arise. Patients may experience frequent urination, excessive thirst, or even symptoms of kidney failure, like nausea or shortness of breath. Bone pain, a recurring theme in multiple myeloma, also finds its way here, often accentuated in areas like the back or ribs.
The presence of excessive light chains in the urine can be a diagnostic indicator, often confirmed with tests like serum and urine electrophoresis. When it comes to managing Light Chain Myeloma, the focus often pivots to treatments that reduce the production of these chains and alleviate kidney stress. Early diagnosis and intervention are pivotal, given the potential kidney complications associated with this subtype. (4)
