10. Iodine-131: The Radioactive Warrior
Next on our list is Iodine-131, a form of radioactive iodine, that has been a cornerstone of thyroid cancer treatment for many years. This medication is unique in that it uses radiation to destroy thyroid cancer cells, with the added benefit of being taken orally.
Radioactive iodine works by exploiting the thyroid cells’ natural tendency to absorb iodine, which they typically use to make thyroid hormones. After oral administration, Iodine-131 concentrates in the thyroid tissue, where it emits radiation that destroys the thyroid cells. This action is both localized and specific, minimizing damage to other tissues in the body.
This treatment approach is highly effective in differentiated thyroid cancers, including papillary and follicular thyroid cancers, which make up the majority of thyroid cancer cases. It is used as an adjuvant therapy post-thyroidectomy to destroy any remaining thyroid tissue and detect any metastases.
The primary side effects of Iodine-131 include nausea, dry mouth and eyes, and altered taste, which are usually temporary. Moreover, patients are considered radioactive for a period after the treatment and must follow certain precautions to prevent radiation exposure to others. Despite these considerations, the longstanding efficacy of Iodine-131 in thyroid cancer treatment cements its place among the top thyroid cancer medications. (10)
