Fact 13: The Potential for Complications
Patients with Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) are at risk for several complications. The severity of these complications can range from mild to life-threatening, making the management of NMS a critical aspect of patient care.
One of the most serious complications associated with NMS is acute renal failure. This typically results from rhabdomyolysis, a condition characterized by the breakdown of muscle tissue leading to the release of muscle fiber contents into the bloodstream. Without prompt intervention, acute renal failure can be life-threatening.
Respiratory complications, including aspiration pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are also associated with NMS. These complications can occur due to the effects of the syndrome on the respiratory muscles and the overall condition of the patient.
Cardiovascular complications, including arrhythmias and myocardial infarction, can also occur in patients with NMS. These complications are often associated with the autonomic instability seen in NMS and can be life-threatening if not managed promptly.
Neurological complications can also occur in NMS. These can include seizures, delirium, and even coma. These complications can add to the severity of the patient’s condition and further complicate the management of NMS.
The management of complications forms a significant part of the overall treatment of NMS. This involves not only treating the complications as they arise but also implementing measures to prevent them from occurring in the first place. (13)
