Cause 5. Medications: Unintended Consequences
Certain medications can inadvertently contribute to the development of pernicious anemia. Some drugs, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2 blockers), can interfere with the absorption of vitamin B12 by reducing the production of stomach acid.
Stomach acid is crucial for the release of vitamin B12 from food sources, and a decrease in acid production can lead to a deficiency in this essential nutrient. Individuals who take these medications for extended periods may be at an increased risk of developing pernicious anemia.
Other medications, such as metformin, which is commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes, can also interfere with vitamin B12 absorption. Patients taking these medications should be closely monitored for signs of vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia.
To minimize the risk of pernicious anemia related to medication use, healthcare providers may recommend periodic blood tests to monitor vitamin B12 levels. If a deficiency is detected, supplementation or a change in medication may be necessary to prevent the development of pernicious anemia. (5)
