Cause 9. Pernicious Anemia During Pregnancy: A Delicate Balance
Pernicious anemia during pregnancy can occur due to a delicate balance of factors affecting both the mother and the developing fetus. Pregnant women require increased amounts of vitamin B12 to support the rapid growth and development of the fetus. As a result, the risk of developing a deficiency and subsequently pernicious anemia is higher during pregnancy.
Hormonal changes, increased nutritional demands, and alterations in gastrointestinal function during pregnancy can all contribute to the risk of developing pernicious anemia. For instance, the increased levels of the hormone progesterone can slow down the gastrointestinal tract, leading to reduced absorption of essential nutrients like vitamin B12. Furthermore, the growing fetus places additional demands on the mother’s nutrient stores, including her vitamin B12 levels.
The consequences of pernicious anemia during pregnancy can be severe for both the mother and the fetus. Maternal complications may include fatigue, weakness, and an increased risk of preterm birth. Meanwhile, the developing fetus may be at risk for growth restriction, developmental delays, and neural tube defects.
To prevent pernicious anemia during pregnancy, healthcare providers should closely monitor the vitamin B12 levels of pregnant women and provide appropriate supplementation as needed. This may include oral or injectable forms of vitamin B12, depending on the severity of the deficiency and the individual’s ability to absorb the vitamin. By ensuring adequate vitamin B12 levels throughout pregnancy, healthcare professionals can help protect the health of both the mother and the developing fetus. (9)
