5. Gastrointestinal Polyps: The Stealthy Indication of Cowden Syndrome
One of the less visible but crucial symptoms in individuals with Cowden Syndrome is the development of gastrointestinal polyps. These abnormal growths occur within the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, which spans from the mouth to the anus. The prevalence of these polyps in Cowden Syndrome is high, and thus, they constitute an important symptom to watch out for.
Gastrointestinal polyps can vary in size, shape, and location. They can appear in the stomach (gastric polyps), small intestine (small bowel polyps), or colon (colonic polyps). While polyps can occur naturally due to aging or dietary factors, the increased occurrence in Cowden Syndrome patients indicates a genetic predisposition.
The majority of these polyps are benign, posing minimal health risk. However, a small proportion can transform into cancer, making early detection and regular monitoring vital.
Depending on the polyp’s location, size, and characteristics, it may need to be removed and examined for signs of cancer. This is usually achieved through endoscopic procedures, which not only visualize the gastrointestinal tract but also allow for the removal of suspicious polyps.
While some gastrointestinal polyps may cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or rectal bleeding, many remain asymptomatic. This often leads to delayed diagnosis, underscoring the need for regular screenings. Individuals with Cowden Syndrome should maintain an open line of communication with their healthcare provider about any gastrointestinal symptoms and adhere to the recommended screening schedule. (5)
