4. Stage IV: Advanced Local Invasion
Delving into the fourth stage, we’re introduced to its two sub-stages, starting with 4A. At this point, the cancer showcases its potential for extensive local invasion. The tumor grows substantially in size and may infiltrate deeper structures like the jawbone or facial muscles.
Individuals at this stage are likely to experience pronounced symptoms. There’s significant discomfort, potential facial disfigurement, and challenges related to basic functions like eating and speaking. The pain is not just restricted to the mouth; it can radiate to other parts of the face or neck.
The sub-stage 4B is where the disease takes a more ominous turn. At this stage, the cancer not only showcases aggressive local invasion but also begins its march to distant parts of the body. This spread, known as metastasis, can involve vital organs like the lungs.
The symptoms are severe and multifaceted. Apart from the pronounced oral symptoms and facial disfigurement, there’s potential respiratory distress, given the possible lung involvement. It’s not just about the mouth anymore; the entire body becomes a battleground.
On a cellular level, the cancer cells have achieved a degree of independence that allows them to travel and colonize distant regions. This behavior showcases the peak of the malignancy’s aggressive nature. At this stage, treatment is more about managing symptoms and improving quality of life, underscoring the importance of early detection in earlier stages. (4)
