Fact 7. Pharmacological Interventions: An Essential Part of the Care Plan
While non-pharmacological interventions form the cornerstone of managing agitation in dementia, pharmacological approaches often become necessary as the disease progresses and symptoms become more severe. It’s crucial to note that pharmacological interventions should always be used judiciously, under the supervision of a healthcare professional, and typically as a secondary measure after exhausting non-pharmacological strategies.
Medications for agitation in dementia generally fall into two categories: First-generation antipsychotics and second-generation antipsychotics. First-generation antipsychotics, such as Haloperidol, have been traditionally used, but they have notable side effects, including movement disorders and sedation. Second-generation antipsychotics, such as Risperidone and Quetiapine, are typically preferred due to their better safety profile, but they still come with potential risks, including an increased risk of stroke and death in elderly dementia patients.
Before prescribing these medications, healthcare professionals thoroughly assess the risks and benefits for each individual. The individual’s overall health, the severity of their symptoms, their response to previous treatments, and other concurrent health conditions are all considered in this decision-making process. (7)
