Cause 7: Role of Infections
When discussing the etiological factors of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), infections can be overlooked. However, there’s substantial evidence that infections can act as potential catalysts or even exacerbate EoE. Infections, especially those involving the digestive or respiratory tract, can cause our immune system to overreact. This overreaction sometimes misfires, directing its wrath towards the esophagus, leading to the clinical manifestations of EoE.
The journey from an infection to EoE isn’t straightforward. When we suffer from an infection, the immune system goes into overdrive, producing more white blood cells, including eosinophils, to combat the foreign invaders. These eosinophils play a pivotal role in allergic reactions. Now, in some situations, even after the infection is cleared, these eosinophils don’t retreat. They become like overzealous soldiers attacking the esophagus, mistaking it for an enemy, thereby triggering EoE.
The connection between an infection and the onset or worsening of EoE lies in the body’s inflammatory response. When there’s an infection, especially in the respiratory or digestive system, the inflammatory response can spill over to nearby areas, including the esophagus. This inflammation makes the esophagus more susceptible to other triggers, like food or environmental allergens. In essence, the infection sets the stage, making the esophagus a prime target for eosinophilic attack.
Preventing the progression from infections to EoE involves multiple steps. Firstly, early and effective treatment of infections, especially those of the throat, is crucial. This can reduce the prolonged inflammatory response that puts the esophagus at risk. Additionally, for individuals already diagnosed with EoE, maintaining impeccable hygiene, getting timely vaccinations, and making certain lifestyle adjustments can form a protective shield against infections that might otherwise trigger an EoE episode.
The correlation between infections and EoE remains an active area of research. Scientists are keen on deciphering how varied infections might have different impacts on EoE development. The onus is also on patients to stay informed and vigilant. Recognizing early signs, seeking timely interventions, and staying updated about the latest research findings can empower them in their fight against EoE. (7)
