What Puts You at Risk?
Throat cancer means that some cells in the throat develop genetic mutations. These mutations cause cells to grow uncontrollably and not die the way they should. Accumulation of such modified cells can form a tumor in the throat. It is not known for sure what the mutations are triggered by, but some factors put create a greater risk. These include:
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- Using tobacco. Smoking it (or chewing it) is the biggest risk factor for all head cancers, including throat cancer.
- Excessive drinking. That is more than 2 drinks of alcohol a day for men and more than 1 for women.
- Viral infections including HPV (human papillomavirus) and Epstein-Barr virus. HPV infections are considered to cause up to 70% of oropharyngeal cancers. [6]
- GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). This chronic condition makes stomach acid flow up into the esophagus.
- A diet lacking in fruits and vegetables.
- Exposure to chemicals including asbestos, nickel, and sulfuric acid fumes. [1, 7]
- Genetic predisposition should also be considered, because genetic mutations can be inherited. If a first-degree blood relative has been diagnosed with cancer, your risk of developing it is higher. [6]
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