3. The Contagious Nature of ECC: Bacterial Transmission and Prevention
Many parents are surprised to learn that the bacteria causing ECC can be transmitted from caregiver to child. The primary culprit, Streptococcus mutans, can be passed through saliva by sharing utensils, cleaning a pacifier with the mouth, or any other exchange of saliva. Understanding this mode of transmission is vital for preventing the initial colonization of these caries-producing bacteria in a child’s mouth.
Hand-in-hand with the idea of bacterial transmission is the concept of oral hygiene habits within the family. If a caregiver has active dental caries, they are more likely to harbor higher levels of caries-causing bacteria, increasing the risk of transmitting these to the child. Hence, caregivers must maintain their oral health to provide a less cariogenic environment for their children.
In the fight against ECC, a child’s own oral hygiene routine is the first line of defense. Before the first tooth even erupts, parents can begin cleaning their baby’s gums with a soft cloth. As teeth emerge, transitioning to a soft-bristled brush and a rice-sized smear of fluoride toothpaste will equip those new teeth with a protective fluoride layer, making them more resistant to decay.
The timing of oral hygiene practices is as important as the act itself. Brushing should occur twice a day, and most crucially, right before bedtime to ensure that the teeth are clean through the night. Night-time oral care is imperative because saliva production decreases during sleep, reducing its natural cleansing effect and leaving teeth more vulnerable to bacterial attack.
Preventive measures should also include regular dental check-ups from the appearance of the first tooth or by the child’s first birthday. Pediatric dentists can provide valuable guidance on preventing ECC, including the application of dental sealants or fluoride varnishes, which can significantly decrease the risk of caries in children’s teeth. (3)
