9. The Importance of Lactation and Breastfeeding in ECC Prevention
Breastfeeding has been associated with numerous health benefits for infants, including potential protective effects against ECC. Human breast milk contains antibodies that can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans, the primary bacteria involved in dental caries. Additionally, the physical act of breastfeeding promotes proper oral and facial development, which may contribute to improved dental alignment and reduced risk of caries.
However, the relationship between breastfeeding and ECC is not straightforward. Breast milk itself contains lactose, a natural sugar, and frequent, prolonged exposure to breast milk, particularly at night when saliva flow decreases, may contribute to the development of caries in some children. It is, therefore, the method and frequency of breastfeeding, rather than breastfeeding per se, that has implications for oral health.
The practice of on-demand nighttime breastfeeding after the eruption of teeth has been a controversial subject in discussions about ECC. Dental professionals emphasize the importance of cleaning an infant’s teeth before bedtime and caution against allowing the child to fall asleep while feeding, as this can expose teeth to sugars over an extended period.
Lactation support and education for mothers can include guidance on how to breastfeed in a way that minimizes the risk of ECC. This may include advice on weaning from on-demand nighttime feedings as teeth emerge and encouraging water intake if the child is thirsty at night instead of offering breast milk or other sugary liquids.
Breastfeeding should be promoted as the primary source of nutrition for infants, but with the understanding that oral hygiene practices need to commence with the eruption of the first tooth. Integrating lactation support with oral health education ensures that both the child and mother are supported in achieving optimal health outcomes. (9)
