Cause 5. Viral Infections: An Unseen Trigger
Viral infections can also contribute to the development of aplastic anemia. Certain viruses, such as hepatitis, Epstein-Barr, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), have been linked to this blood disorder. These infections may directly damage bone marrow cells or cause the immune system to mistakenly attack them, resulting in aplastic anemia.
Hepatitis viruses, particularly hepatitis B and C, can lead to bone marrow suppression and aplastic anemia. These viruses primarily affect the liver, but they can also cause the immune system to attack bone marrow cells, leading to a reduction in blood cell production. The Epstein-Barr virus, responsible for infectious mononucleosis (also known as mono or the “kissing disease”), has also been associated with aplastic anemia.
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, can also lead to aplastic anemia in some cases. HIV primarily attacks the immune system, weakening its ability to fight infections. However, the virus can also damage bone marrow cells, leading to a reduced production of blood cells and the development of aplastic anemia.
Treatment for aplastic anemia caused by viral infections often involves antiviral medications and other supportive care measures, such as blood transfusions, to help manage symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life. In some cases, immunosuppressive medications or bone marrow transplantation may also be recommended. (5)
