Cause 6. Genetic Factors: A Family Affair
In some cases, genetic factors can predispose individuals to aplastic anemia. Conditions like Fanconi anemia and dyskeratosis congenita are inherited disorders that can lead to bone marrow failure and the subsequent development of aplastic anemia.
Fanconi anemia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital abnormalities, and an increased risk of cancer. This condition is caused by mutations in various genes responsible for DNA repair, leading to the accumulation of DNA damage and the impaired production of blood cells.
Dyskeratosis congenita is another rare inherited disorder that can cause aplastic anemia. This condition affects multiple body systems, including the skin, nails, and bone marrow. Dyskeratosis congenita is caused by mutations in genes involved in the maintenance of telomeres, which are the protective caps on the ends of chromosomes. These mutations can result in the premature shortening of telomeres and the impaired production of blood cells.
Treatment for aplastic anemia caused by genetic factors often includes supportive care measures, such as blood transfusions and growth factors, to help manage symptoms. In some cases, bone marrow transplantation may be recommended to replace the damaged bone marrow with healthy cells. Genetic counseling and family planning services may also be useful for individuals with a family history of these inherited disorders. (6)
