Cause 9: Mechanical Hemolytic Anemia
Physical Forces Damaging Red Blood Cells
Mechanical hemolytic anemia is a type of hemolytic anemia caused by physical damage to red blood cells as they circulate through the bloodstream. This damage can result from various factors, including prosthetic heart valves, severe burns, or exposure to toxins. Additionally, mechanical hemolytic anemia can be caused by conditions like disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which leads to the formation of small blood clots that can shear red blood cells as they pass through the affected vessels.
In the case of prosthetic heart valves, the mechanical stress placed on red blood cells as they flow through the valve can cause them to rupture, leading to hemolysis and anemia. Treatment for mechanical hemolytic anemia depends on the underlying cause and may include adjusting the prosthetic valve, managing the underlying condition responsible for blood clot formation, or providing supportive care like blood transfusions if necessary.
Early recognition of the signs and symptoms of mechanical hemolytic anemia and prompt initiation of treatment are crucial for reducing the risk of complications and improving patient outcomes. (8)
