Symptom 5. Nausea and Vomiting: The Unsettling Consequences of Toxin Accumulation in Acute Kidney Disease
Another disconcerting symptom that can arise from AKI is nausea and vomiting. This discomfort can vary from a persistent low-grade nausea to severe, debilitating vomiting, impacting dietary intake and overall quality of life.
The root cause of nausea and vomiting in AKI is multifactorial. One major contributor is the build-up of toxins in the blood due to decreased kidney function, a condition known as uremia. These waste products, which would usually be filtered out and excreted in the urine, start to affect the functioning of the gut, leading to feelings of nausea and bouts of vomiting.
Additionally, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, common in AKI, can also contribute to nausea and vomiting. For instance, high levels of potassium in the blood, known as hyperkalemia, can disturb the stomach’s normal function, manifesting as nausea.
Moreover, the body’s acid-base balance can be disturbed in AKI. Excess acid accumulation, known as metabolic acidosis, can irritate the stomach lining, again leading to feelings of nausea and an urge to vomit.
Nausea and vomiting are more than just uncomfortable symptoms. They can have significant implications for a person’s nutritional status. Persistent nausea can lead to a reduced appetite, while regular vomiting can cause a loss of important nutrients. Over time, this can contribute to weight loss and malnutrition, further compromising health and recovery. (5)
