Symptom 7. Chest Pain and Pressure: The Cardiovascular Consequences of Acute Kidney Disease
In some cases, acute kidney disease can lead to chest pain and pressure, often caused by fluid buildup around the heart (pericardial effusion) or an increase in blood pressure due to kidney dysfunction. These are not symptoms that should be taken lightly, regardless of the cause. When they occur in the context of acute kidney injury, they underscore the interconnectedness of our body’s organ systems, particularly the close relationship between the kidneys and the heart.
Under normal circumstances, the kidneys contribute to heart health by regulating blood pressure and balancing electrolytes vital for heart function. However, when the kidneys are injured, as in AKI, their ability to perform these tasks is impaired, which can have direct and indirect effects on the heart.
One such effect is fluid overload. When the kidneys can’t properly filter and remove excess fluid from the body, this fluid can accumulate in different areas, including the lungs and around the heart. This can put additional pressure on the heart and potentially lead to conditions such as pericarditis (inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart), which can manifest as chest pain or pressure.
Another potential consequence of AKI is an imbalance in electrolytes, particularly potassium. This mineral is critical for maintaining normal heart rhythm. When kidney function is compromised, potassium levels can rise dangerously high, a condition known as hyperkalemia. This can interfere with the electrical activity of the heart, potentially leading to irregular heart rhythms and chest pain.
Further, AKI can lead to the accumulation of waste products in the bloodstream, some of which can contribute to inflammation and damage to the heart muscle. This can increase the risk of heart attack or myocardial infarction, a serious condition that often presents as chest pain.
It’s important to note that chest pain and pressure are always urgent symptoms requiring immediate medical evaluation, as they can indicate severe, potentially life-threatening conditions. When these symptoms occur in the context of AKI, they underline the critical role the kidneys play in maintaining overall health, especially heart health. (7)
