Symptom 8: Shortness of Breath
Shortness of breath in diabetic ketoacidosis is primarily a compensatory mechanism. The body attempts to counteract the acidosis caused by high ketone levels by increasing the rate and depth of breathing. This hyperventilation, also known as Kussmaul breathing, helps to expel excess carbon dioxide, which is linked to the acid-base balance in the blood.
This rapid, deep breathing can be quite distressing and may be perceived as shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. It’s a sign that the body is working hard to correct the acidic environment caused by DKA.
The presence and intensity of Kussmaul breathing can be an indicator of the severity of DKA. More pronounced breathing difficulties signify a more severe acid-base imbalance, requiring prompt medical attention.
While shortness of breath is a natural response to acidosis, it’s crucial to monitor this symptom closely. If breathing difficulties worsen or if the individual experiences chest pain or extreme fatigue, it may indicate additional complications requiring immediate medical intervention.
Treatment of shortness of breath in DKA focuses on correcting the underlying metabolic disturbances. This includes insulin therapy to reduce blood sugar and ketone levels, along with fluid and electrolyte replacement. Oxygen therapy may also be administered if necessary. As the acidosis is corrected, the breathing pattern should return to normal. (8)
