6. Chemotherapy and Radiation: Collateral Damage in Cancer Treatment
Cancer treatments, while life-saving, often carry side effects that extend beyond the immediate goal of addressing malignant cells. Chemotherapy and radiation, used to eradicate cancer, can also damage the ovaries and deplete the supply of eggs, leading to early menopause.
These treatments can cause ovarian cells to die or mutate, affecting their ability to function normally. The result can be an abrupt stop to menstruation, along with other symptoms of menopause like hot flashes and mood swings. For younger women undergoing these treatments, the sudden shift into menopause can be particularly jarring, adding an emotional toll to the physical challenges of cancer.
It’s important to note that not all chemotherapy and radiation treatments will result in early menopause. The likelihood depends on the type and dose of treatment, as well as the woman’s age and pre-treatment ovarian function. Fertility preservation strategies, such as egg or embryo freezing, can provide a glimmer of hope for those wishing to have children post-treatment.
The oncology team plays a crucial role in discussing the potential impact on reproductive health before starting treatment. Understanding these risks allows women to make informed decisions and prepare for the possible outcomes of these life-saving interventions. (6)
