5. Genetic Factors Play a Role in FTD
The role of genetics in FTD provides a crucial perspective on understanding the disease’s complexity. One aspect that makes FTD distinct from many other types of dementia is its significant genetic component.
Research indicates that about 30-50% of FTD cases are familial, implying a trend of occurrence in families where multiple members are affected by the condition. From these familial cases, around 10-20% are linked to specific identifiable genetic mutations, adding a layer of complexity to the condition.
The three genes most frequently involved in FTD are MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau), GRN (progranulin), and C9orf72. Mutations in any of these genes can lead to FTD, contributing to the unique symptoms and progression patterns seen in the disease.
Nevertheless, it’s essential to clarify that having a family history of FTD or a genetic mutation does not guarantee the onset of the disease. Genetic predispositions interact with a myriad of other factors, including lifestyle choices and environmental exposures, which together influence the risk of developing FTD.
Genetic factors also have potential implications for life expectancy in FTD. Familial cases often manifest symptoms earlier than sporadic cases, with individuals facing the impacts of FTD at a relatively younger age.
Consequently, these individuals may experience a more extended period of living with the disease, depending on the progression rate and how effectively the symptoms are managed. Furthermore, individuals with genetic forms of FTD may have access to more targeted treatment strategies as our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of the disease continues to expand. (5)
