Cause 8: Viral and Bacterial Infections – Uninvited Guests
Infections, both viral and bacterial, are potential triggers for Graves’ disease. Certain microorganisms such as the Epstein-Barr virus or the bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica are particularly implicated. Infection with these pathogens may trigger an immune response that eventually leads to Graves’ disease.
The theory behind this association is known as ‘molecular mimicry’. The invading pathogens produce proteins that resemble the body’s own proteins. This similarity confuses the immune system, leading it to attack not just the invaders but also the body’s own cells, including the thyroid gland. In individuals already genetically predisposed, this autoimmune response could trigger Graves’ disease.
Though the molecular mimicry theory is not fully proven, it offers a compelling explanation for the link between infections and Graves’ disease. More research is needed to definitively establish this connection and possibly unlock new treatment or prevention strategies.
The associations between Graves’ disease and factors like pregnancy, iodine intake, smoking, and infections underline the multifactorial nature of this disease. No single cause can be pinpointed, but understanding these associations can help in prevention, early detection, and management of Graves’ disease. (8)
