Fact 8: Understanding the Risks – Complications of Uncontrolled Hyperglycemia
Uncontrolled hyperglycemia poses significant health risks and can lead to a range of serious complications. Prolonged high blood sugar levels damage blood vessels and nerves, affecting many organs and systems in the body. This damage can result in conditions such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, vision loss, and nerve damage. Understanding and recognizing the potential long-term risks of unmanaged hyperglycemia is crucial for individuals with diabetes or prediabetes.
One of the most severe complications of uncontrolled hyperglycemia is cardiovascular disease. High blood sugar levels can lead to the hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. Managing blood sugar levels effectively is vital in reducing this risk, alongside other heart-healthy practices like maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, and avoiding smoking.
The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering and cleaning the blood. High blood sugar levels over time can damage the delicate filtering system of the kidneys, leading to diabetic nephropathy. This condition can progress to kidney failure, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant. Regular monitoring of kidney function and maintaining blood sugar levels within target ranges are essential to prevent or delay the onset of kidney damage.
Hyperglycemia can cause significant nerve damage, known as diabetic neuropathy. This condition can lead to pain, tingling, or numbness, particularly in the hands and feet. In severe cases, it can lead to loss of sensation, increasing the risk of injury and infections. Managing blood sugar levels, along with regular foot care and monitoring, is critical in preventing or managing neuropathy.
Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes, where high blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels of the retina. This can lead to vision impairment and, in severe cases, blindness. Regular eye examinations, effective blood sugar control, and managing other health factors like blood pressure and cholesterol are vital in reducing the risk of diabetic retinopathy.
Preventing the complications of uncontrolled hyperglycemia involves a combination of regular health screenings, effective blood sugar management, and lifestyle modifications. Regular check-ups with healthcare professionals can help detect early signs of complications, allowing for timely intervention and treatment. Educating individuals about the risks and encouraging proactive health management is key to reducing the impact of these serious complications. (8)
