Fact 9: Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy – Gestational Diabetes Concerns
Gestational diabetes is a form of hyperglycemia that occurs during pregnancy. It develops when pregnancy hormones interfere with the body’s ability to use insulin effectively, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Gestational diabetes can have significant implications for both mother and baby, making its management a critical aspect of prenatal care.
For the mother, gestational diabetes increases the risk of complications such as high blood pressure (preeclampsia), cesarean delivery, and the development of Type 2 diabetes later in life. For the baby, it can lead to higher birth weights, premature birth, and a higher risk of developing obesity or diabetes in later life. Managing blood sugar levels effectively during pregnancy is crucial to minimize these risks.
Screening for gestational diabetes is a routine part of prenatal care. It typically involves a glucose challenge test followed, if necessary, by a glucose tolerance test. Early detection through screening is essential for the timely management of gestational diabetes and the health of both mother and baby.
Managing gestational diabetes involves monitoring and controlling blood sugar levels through diet, exercise, and in some cases, medication. Dietary changes include focusing on balanced meals with controlled carbohydrate intake. Regular physical activity is also recommended, as it helps regulate blood sugar levels. In some cases, insulin or other medications may be required to maintain blood glucose control.
After delivery, blood sugar levels in women with gestational diabetes usually return to normal. However, these women have a higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life. Postpartum care should include diabetes screening and ongoing lifestyle modifications to reduce this risk. Educating mothers about the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle post-pregnancy is crucial for long-term health. (9)
