Symptom 12: Muscle Twitching and Cramps
These neuromuscular disturbances are a direct result of the impact that elevated sodium levels have on the nervous system and muscle function. Muscle twitching, or fasciculations, occurs when small, involuntary contractions affect individual muscle fibers. Cramps, on the other hand, involve painful, involuntary contractions of entire muscle groups.
Both muscle twitching and cramps can arise in the context of hypernatremia due to the disruption of the normal balance of electrolytes, which play a critical role in nerve signal transmission and muscle contraction.
High sodium levels in the blood can alter the delicate equilibrium between sodium, potassium, and calcium ions, which are essential for the generation and propagation of electrical impulses within nerve cells and muscle fibers. This disruption in the balance of ions can lead to increased nerve excitability and muscle irritability, ultimately resulting in twitching and cramps.
Muscle twitching and cramps associated with hypernatremia can range from mild discomfort to severe pain, potentially impairing mobility and overall quality of life. Additionally, these symptoms can serve as warning signs of more serious complications, such as seizures, altered mental status, or even coma, if the underlying hypernatremia remains unaddressed.
Muscle twitching and cramps are notable symptoms of hypernatremia that warrant prompt attention and medical intervention. Identifying and treating the underlying cause of the elevated sodium levels is essential to alleviate these symptoms, restore the proper balance of electrolytes, and prevent further complications. (10)
