Symptom 13: Changes in Consciousness
Changes in consciousness are a direct consequence of the impact that elevated sodium levels have on the brain and nervous system. Changes in consciousness associated with hypernatremia can manifest in various ways, such as confusion, disorientation, agitation, or even lethargy. Severe cases may progress to more critical neurological complications, including seizures, coma, or permanent brain damage. These symptoms arise due to the disruption of the normal balance of electrolytes, which play a crucial role in maintaining the brain’s normal functioning and electrical activity.
High sodium levels in the blood can disrupt the delicate equilibrium of fluid in and around brain cells. This can lead to cellular dehydration and swelling, which in turn can cause impaired brain function and altered mental status. Moreover, the imbalance of sodium and other electrolytes can interfere with the generation and propagation of electrical impulses within neurons, further contributing to changes in consciousness.
The presence of altered consciousness in the context of hypernatremia is a concerning symptom that requires immediate medical attention. Prompt recognition and management of the underlying cause of elevated sodium levels are essential to prevent further neurological complications and preserve brain function. (11)
