Fact 7: Cardiovascular Risks
Insulin resistance is closely linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This connection stems from the various metabolic changes that occur in the body as a result of IR, including alterations in lipid metabolism, increased blood pressure, and inflammatory responses. These changes contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which is a major risk factor for heart attacks and strokes.
One of the critical changes occurring in insulin resistance is dyslipidemia, an abnormality in lipid levels in the blood. Individuals with IR often exhibit increased levels of triglycerides and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, along with decreased levels of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. This lipid profile is particularly atherogenic, meaning it promotes the formation of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular events.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is another common comorbidity associated with insulin resistance. IR contributes to hypertension through various mechanisms, including increased sodium retention, heightened sympathetic nervous system activity, and changes in vascular function. Hypertension, in turn, exacerbates the risk of heart disease and stroke, making its management crucial in individuals with insulin resistance.
Insulin resistance is associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, which plays a critical role in the development of CVD. Inflammation contributes to endothelial dysfunction, a condition where the lining of blood vessels becomes less effective at regulating blood flow, blood clotting, and other vital functions. This dysfunction is a key step in the development of atherosclerosis and increases the risk of acute cardiovascular events.
Managing the cardiovascular risks associated with insulin resistance requires an integrated approach that addresses the various metabolic disturbances. This includes lifestyle interventions such as dietary changes to improve lipid profiles, physical activity to reduce blood pressure and improve endothelial function, and weight management. In some cases, medication may be necessary to control lipid levels, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism. Regular monitoring and proactive management of these risk factors are essential in reducing the overall risk of cardiovascular diseases in individuals with insulin resistance. (7)
